To conserve water and treatment chemicals, it is desirable to allow the dissolved minerals to reach a maximum cycle of concentration while still avoiding problems. Even with water treatment, it is still necessary to regularly blow down or bleed off part of the concentrated water and make up with lower salinity water to reduce the overall mineral concentration. For example, as little as 1/8" of scale can reduce the efficiency of a boiler by 18% or a cooling tower heat exchanger by 40%!Ī variety of water treatment methods are employed in an effort to control these problems. Effects from scale deposits, however, are equally important. Most people recognize problems associated with corrosion. This level can be determined by the Ryznar or Langlier indices and correlated to a conductivity or TDS range. Eventually, the minerals reach a level (or cycle) of concentration that will cause either loss of efficiency due to scale or damage from corrosion. Additional minerals are introduced via the water added to makeup the water lost to steam/evaporation. As steam is generated by a boiler or water evaporating from a cooling tower, dissolved minerals are left behind, increasing the concentration of these minerals. Boilers and cooling towers share two major water related problems: deposits and corrosion.
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